We’re currently doing research on whether time-ins work, but to my knowledge there’s virtually no evidence on whether time-ins are effective. I think that’s going overboard. There’s certainly a fair amount of research literature that shows time-outs can be effective in changing problem behavior. Time-outs—by allowing parent, as well as child, the chance to calm down—may help worked-up moms and dads avoid shouting, grabbing, or other aggressive forms of discipline.